Adolescent Sexuality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Adolescent Sexuality - Essay Example b) Early start of sexual intercourse: Other risks associated with teen sex include early start of sex practice. Teens usually get attracted towards opposite sex at an early stage and start to have sex with their partners. In 2006 7, 50,000 teens below the age of 20 became pregnant in United States (Guttmacher Institute, 2010). c) Multiple sex partners: Majority of the teens who are engaged in having sex with more than one partners are often likely to develop attitudes like fighting, taking drugs and smoking. These activities are mainly observed among girls. It also increases the chances of pregnancies and STDs. d) Unprotected sex: Most of the adolescents are often engaged in unprotected sexual practices. The two most common consequences of unprotected sexual practice are; transmission of various sexually transmitted diseases and pregnancy. i) STDs: Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) are a major issue in teen sex. These diseases are usually transmitted by unsafe sex practices which are prominent among teens. 19 million STD infections occur worldwide each year among in which half of them are teens between the ages of 15-24 (SADD, 2007). Another reason for high rate of STDs among teens is because of the wrong perception that oral sex or anal sex does not have the risk of transmission of STDs. A number of of the sexually transmitted diseases are AIDS, Genital Warts, Gonorrhea, Syphilis, Herpes, Chlamydia, Pubic Lice or Crabs, Vaginitis and Hepatitis (Menstruation, 1999). ii) Teen Pregnancy: Another consequence of unprotected sex is teen pregnancy. Most teens often indulge in unsafe and unplanned sex practice due to their immaturity. In US 34% of teens become pregnant before they reach the age of 20 which is around 8, 20,000 a year (SADD, 2007). The result of unprotected sexual behavior leads to pregnancy at an early age might be harmful for a girl. Although

International Legal Transactions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

International Legal Transactions - Assignment Example There are two kinds of bribery, both of which are anathema to international law. Active bribery is the deliberate â€Å"promising, offering, or giving by any person, directly or indirectly, of an undue advantage to any of its public officials†¦ to act or refrain from acting in the exercise of his or functions, whether the undue advantage accrues to the official or to a third person†. On the other hand, passive bribery is the â€Å"request or receipt†¦or acceptance of an offer or promise of such an undue advantage by a public official (Deming 106). Definitely, international law provides the Anglian Ministry of Justice with legal bases for prosecuting LuxAuto and its officials for engaging in the active bribery of foreign public officials i.e. that of Maurya. primarily because of the leadership of the United States which in 1970 enacted RICO or the Racketeering Influenced and Corrupt Organization Act and then in 1977, the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act(FCPA). Realizing the magnitude of the pernicious effects to the economy and the morality and the morale of the citizens by the bribery of public officials and the fact that judges and public offices were already available for a price, the USA via FCPA tirelessly and actively pursued the prosecution of US companies in American courts for the bribery of public officials even if the transactions occurred in foreign shores. Soon, 34 US companies were prosecuted for involvement in foreign bribery and 7 civil actions were successfully pursued (Bannon & Collier 305). Because the playing field was disadvantageous to US multinational companies which allegedly lost out against foreign MNCs, US lobbied hard to make an international law that was similar to FCPA but globally encompassing and enforceable with the International Court of Justice. The solution proved to be the convening of 29 members and 5 non-members of the OECD or Organization

Analysis of Types of Operating Systems

Analysis of Types of Operating Systems Task 1 1.0 Introduction An Operating System (OS) is software that manages computer hardware and software resources, and to provide public services for computer programs. The operating system is an important part of the system software in a computer system. Although it is possible to directly interface software applications and hardware, the vast majority of applications in an operating system, which allows them to take advantage of the public library, without having to worry about the specific hardware details written. The operating system manages a computers hardware resources, including the input devices, output devices, network devices and storage devices. The operating system also provides services to facilitate the efficient execution and management, and for the memory allocation, any additional software applications installed. For the personal computer, the most popular operating system is DOS, OS / 2 and Windows, but others are available, such as Linux. The operating system of a large computer system has more work to do. Such operating systems to monitor different programs and users to ensure that everything goes smoothly, without interference, despite the fact that many devices and procedures used simultaneously. In addition, operating system also has a vital role to play in terms of security. Its mandate includes preventing unauthorized users from accessing a computer system. 1.2 Types of Operating System 1.2.1 Microsoft Windows The Microsoft Windows is an operating system for personal computers made by Microsoft that was released in November 1985. It is used a graphical user interface instead. Input from the user usually comes from using a computer mouse and the commands are run by clicking on the icon representing the virtual cursor controlled by a mouse. There was a small learning curve required to use the Windows properly, but it was more easier to interact with graphical representations than commands and text lines, and there is no special programming language needed to be learned. The strengths of Microsoft Windows is its ease of use because the user is already familiar with the look of windows and familiar graphical user interface. So, the users can more comfortable in front of a screen. In addition, it also has many office application that are compatible with windows such as Microsoft Office. Microsoft Office is the best office suite around, and Microsoft are make sure that Windows has the best support for it. This is one of the main reasons why Windows users are often reluctant to switch operating systems. The weakness of Microsoft Windows is its installation is more difficult than the Linux operating system because its need a high resource requirements of hardware such as a faster processor, more internal memory and a larger hard disk. In addition, the other weakness of windows is its price. Microsoft Windows can run between $50.00 $150.00 US dollars per each license copy. Although Windows does have software programs, utilities, and games for free, the majority of the programs will cost anywhere between $20.00 $200.00+ US dollars per copy. 1.2.2 Ms-Dos The MS-DOS is an operating system for personal computers made by Microsoft that was first released in August 1980. It is remembered as the first standard operating system to be adopted by many manufacturers of personal computing machines. It uses a completely text-based programming language to allow users to work with, or interface with, their PC. The Commands are typed into computers at a specific command prompt location on the computer screen using a standard keyboard. Commands must be very precise and correct.The user must specify which commands they want, how they want it to run, and what program or system they want to use on your computer. This requires the user to learn a specific language and syntax rules to use of their computers. The strengths of MS-Dos is its very lightweight and very stable operating system. It does not have the overhead of a multitasking operating system. It is a contraction for Disk Operating System and it is very fast and stable even on a relatively slow machine. It starts up fairly quickly on most hardware, uses little memory, and allows direct access to hardware, unlike most protected mode operating systems today. The weakness of MS-Dos was its single-user or single-test system design that couldn’t support multitasking, networking and other sophisticated application required of computer of every size. It is 16-bit and limited to 640k of RAM. In addition, it runs in real mode, so a buggy or malicious program can cause corruption. Today, it is a relic of times past, but its simple structure and user interface make it an accessible learning tool for operating system students. 1.2.3 Linux Linux is a cross-platform operating system based on Unix. It is the software on a computer that enables applications and the computer operator to access the devices on the computer to perform desired functions. It can be installed on PCs, laptops, netbooks, mobile and tablet devices, video game consoles, servers, supercomputers and more. It enjoys unparalleled popularity among programmers, who contribute enhancements and improvements to the standard code set. The operating system (OS) relays instructions from an application to, for instance, the computers processor. The processor performs the instructed task, then sends the results back to the application via the operating system. The strengths of Linux is characterized by its power, flexibility, and constant maintenance by legions of programmers worldwide while maintaining careful adherence to industry standards. The most appealing aspect of Linux distributions is their cost or available for free. You can download and use a distribution on as many computers as you want. Once installed, updates and patches are also available for free, and updated regularly. In addition, Linux computers tend to be more secure than their Windows counterparts, with less susceptibility to viruses and malware. The weakness of Linux is many windows programs will not run in Linux such as iTunes, Microsoft Office, Internet Explorer and many other Windows programs. The good news is that there are decent ways around most of these problems. For example, music libraries can be managed with an iPod using programs such asAmarok, Banshee, or Rhythmbox in Linux. In addition, Mozilla Firefox and Google Chrome are outstanding Internet browsers which can be used in the place of Internet Explorer. It is also possible to run iTunes in Linux using Wine, VirtualBox, or Parallels, though it is difficult to have good results. 1.2.4 MAC OS The Mac OS is a series of Unix-based graphical interface operating systems for Mac computers developed and marketed by Apple Inc that was introduced in January 24, 1984. The first version Mac OS X Server 1.0 are released in year 1999, and a desktop version Mac OS X v10.0 followed on March 24, 2001. Mac OS is a development platform that supports multiple development technologies including UNIX, Java, the proprietary Cocoa and Carbon runtime environments, and a host of open source, Web, scripting, database and development technologies. The strengths of Mac OS is its has a good security that protect the computer. Mac OS has a two-layered system to protect the computer. The attractive GUI sits atop a Unix core, and Unix is best-known for its security features. Its simply impossible to install a destructive trojan or virus unless the user explicity allows it root access via typing in the admin password. Mac OSs built-in firewall is set up to work unobtrusively out of the box as well as being highly configurable. The weakness of Mac OS is its price. All that flashy secure reliable power comes at a price. Macs cost more than machines that run other operating systems. Highly specialized software can be difficult to source for Mac OS, such as industry-specific applications, and businesses you work with may provide files in one of the few non-Mac OS formats left in the computer world, such as Microsoft Publisher. 1.3 Conclusion In conclusion, some operating systems were developed in the 1950s, where computers could only execute one program at a time. The operating systems are very importance to responsible for everything from the control and allocation of memory to recognizing input from external devices and transmitting output to computer displays. Later in the decade, computers included many software programs, sometimes called libraries, which were linked together to create the beginning of todays operating systems. Today’s operating systems tend to have graphical user interfaces (GUIs) that use pointing devices for input. A mouse is an example of such a pointing device, as is a stylus. Commonly used the operating systems for IBM-compatible personal computers is include the Microsoft Windows, Linux, and Mac OS X. Task 2 2.0 Introduction An executive administrator is also known as an executive assistant, is an administrative professional who provides the clerical and personal support to an executive level manager at major companies. The responsibilities of an executive administrator can be quite extensive and are dependent on the type of industry in which a person works. For example, the responsibilities of an executive administrator in a retail environment might differ from that of one in a steel manufacturing plant. Some of the general duties an executive administrator can expect to perform in an organization include lending support to the human capital management of the organization, assisting in the development and delivery of programs aimed at the transmission of the company’s objectives, and keeping tabs on the financial targets of the company. Administrative executives are the primary gatekeepers of the executive offices. They are responsible for the daily administrative activities of the executive offices. Such responsibilities include juggling phone calls, handling mail and offering administrative advice when needed. Administrative responsibilities can sometimes go beyond business and overlap into personal assistance, as well. As highly respected members of the executive team, administrative executives can be relied upon for daily personal needs, such as arranging vacation flights or personal transportation. In addition, administrative executives are privy to highly confidential information among the executive level offices and in other departments. Another responsibility of the executive administrator is the development and implementation of programs aimed at the furthering the corporate objectives. This might involve organizing a series of meetings with other members of the company’s management, stakeholders and other employees. He or she will also ensure that the information about any new developments in the company is disseminated to the employees and customers by announcing promotions, development of new products, or other forms of news. The process of informing people about new developments may also involve posting such information on the company Web site or sending of emails to the relevant customers or stakeholders. 2.1 Choose Operating System In my opinion, i will recommend her to installed Windows 7 operating system in her new personal computer because the Windows 7 operating system is most suitable with her job role. This Windows 7 operating system will help her minimize her workload and increase her work efficiency. In addition, Windows 7 also is a â€Å"user-centric† version of Windows focused on performance improvements to make it more secure, more reliable, and faster than previous versions of the Windows operating system. Windows 7 is an operating system for personal computers made by Microsoft. It is the fastest selling operating system in history and more than 5 million licenses have been sold. Therefore, it becomes available in retail branches around the world on October 22, 2009. Windows 7 is built on the Vista kernel. The biggest change many end users between Vista and Windows 7 is faster boot time, a new user interface and increased Internet Explorer 8. The operating system of Windows 7 is widely available in three retail editions that is Windows 7 Home Premium, Windows 7 Professional and Windows 7 Ultimate. Windows 7 followed Windows Vista and featured various changes from previous operating system. One of these is the Quick Launch toolbar, which completely changed the user how to find a variety of commands and menu options. In addition, Windows 7 also includes items like support for gaming additions, virtual hard disks, and other new features. As the requirements of the machine, Windows 7 just requires a 32-bit or 64-bit processor with at least 1 GHz in order to run, as well as 1 GB of RAM for a 32-bit system, and 2 GB for a 64-bit system. 2.2 Features The first features of windows 7 is its have aero shake, snap and peek function. Aero shake will use when the user have many open windows on desktop and this feature will minimize all windows except the one you shake. Aero snap is used to resize and expand windows more quickly and easily compare the contents of two different windows. Aero peek is used when the user have several minimized files open in one program. This features will help her minimize her workload and speed up her work efficiency. The second features of windows 7 is its have an action center function. The Windows 7 action center function is an early warning system of the computer. It allows the users to see what warning or problem Windows 7 shows. It is accessed through the little flag in the lower-right corner. If the little flag in the lower-right corner is white that mean the computer no anything problem. If it has a red X over it that mean some important things need user to attention. It is a great for heading off problems before they become bigger. This is a convenient way to control those annoying User Account Control (UAC) messages while not having to disable it. The third features of windows 7 is its have a jump lists function. The jump list function allows user to view recent documents in a program that is pinned to the taskbar. The jump list provide an easy way to open files, documents, pictures and video from the taskbar. The user just need to right click on program icon from the taskbar and select the file under pinned or recent to open. So, the user can quickly use a jump list to open items from the taskbar. In addition, some program or application software also have jump list function such as Windows Explorer and Internet Explorer. 2.3 Benefits The first benefit of used windows 7 is decreased computer boot time. The average windows 7 machine will boot will boot up in under 60 seconds. With the decreased computer boot time, the users will no longer have time to run across the street for a mocha while their system starts up. In contrast, the users can get down to work as soon as possible for them. So, this benefit will help the user to minimize her work time and increase her work efficiency. The second benefit of windows 7 is its compatibility. The flexibility of Windows 7 gives users the ability to run almost any software that is Windows compatible. Windows 7 will work with more accessories and programs than its predecessors, Windows Vista and Windows XP. Microsoft has designed this OS to automatically run any program that was designed for Vista, and it will also be able to run most XP applications in an XP compatibility window. The third benefit of windows 7 is its have a libraries function. The libraries function provides a new, more intuitive way of organizing and locating documents. Instead of wasting time trying to remember where a previously created document is stored, a user can now search for their documents by type in different â€Å"libraries† such as communications, contacts, documents, downloads, music, pictures and videos. Not only will a user see a shortcut for the document they need, they will also gain immediate access to specific data that is pertinent for each type of library. For example: when the â€Å"contacts† library is opened, it will show phone numbers and e-mail addresses and when the â€Å"downloads† library is opened, it will list the URL source for each download. The libraries are customizable, allowing users to create personalized folders that will keep project documents and files accessible. 2.4 Conclusion In conclusion, an operating system is a software that manages computer hardware and software resources, and to provide public services for computer programs. The operating system is an important part of the system software in a computer system. Although it is possible to directly interface software applications and hardware, the vast majority of applications in an operating system, which allows them to take advantage of the public library, without having to worry about the specific hardware details written. Some operating systems were developed in the 1950s, where computers could only execute one program at a time. The operating systems are very importance to responsible for everything from the control and allocation of memory to recognizing input from external devices and transmitting output to computer displays. Later in the decade, computers included many software programs, sometimes called libraries, which were linked together to create the beginning of todays operating systems. Today’s operating systems tend to have graphical user interfaces (GUIs) that use pointing devices for input. A mouse is an example of such a pointing device, as is a stylus. Commonly used the operating systems for IBM-compatible personal computers is include the Microsoft Windows, Linux, and Mac OS X. In addition, there really is no such thing as a perfect operating system. However, every operating system has its advantages and disadvantages. Choose the right operating system is very important. So, the user must carefully to choose the operating system. It will help the user to minimize the workload and increase the work efficiency.

Tobacco :: essays research papers

So many people are putting their health in danger by this nasty life taking produce. Smoking it's like a deadly disease that you can either choose to have it or not. Choosing not to is the best way to go for you will have better health. Life is so short why make it even shorter. If we could teach people about how smoking can harm your body then we could save many people from being addicted. Not only is smoking bad for you it's also unattractive. Tobacco is highly addictive, and people who have smoked for many years show a higher death rate then non-smokers. Smokers lose an average of twenty to twenty five years of their lives compared to most non-smokers. To all the mothers out there children with parents who smoke have a higher risk of respiratory symptoms and have an increased frequency of bronchitis and pneumonia. Smoking effect many teen they get started at such a young age they don't stop to think about what it might do to them. Many teens underestimate their risk of death or endangering their health and creating an addiction that they will regret. Teens tend to ignore or think they will never get lung cancer or heart problems. Maybe they are thinking they can smoke until they get older, and have kids and a family then stop, but it is not that easy. When a person smokes a tobacco product, they inhale the smoke which contains nicotine as well as over five hundred chemicals. The person gets addicted to the nicotine, they feel as if they need nicotine in order to function normally. Another dangerous substance in smoking is carbon monoxide, which can cause heart problems. Now we all know smoking is bad for your health so lets try to fix the problem. All the little thing will help, like trying to quit, telling people about the risk they are taking or even doing something big. Like banning cigarette advertising and promotion, and sponsorship of Tabasco products like what you see on nascars .

Relation Between Crime, Poverty and Education in Usa

————————————————- Statistical analysis of the relation between Crime Rate, Education and Poverty: USA, 2009 Sonarika Mahajan 100076 Research Question In this research paper, analysis is done to conclude whether the level of education and poverty influence the total crime rate in the United States of America. Using descriptive statistics such a mean, standard deviation, variance, histograms, scatter diagrams and simple linear regression analysis performed upon both independent variables separately, it can be analysed till what extent do these two independent variables, i. . education and poverty cause fluctuations upon the dependent variable, in what proportion (direct or inverse) and of the two independent variables, which is a better predictor for determining crime rate in USA. Data description [The states selected for this study are highlighted with yellow in the above ma p] The Data that is used to define our dependent variable include both, violent crime (murder and non- negligent manslaughter, forcible rape, robbery, and aggravated assault) as well as property crime (burglary, larceny-theft, motor vehicle theft, and arson).Crime statistics used in this study are published by FBI (Federal Bureau of Intelligence) serving as a governmental agency to the United States Department of Justice. The independent variable that comments upon the education levels in the United States of America is carried out by analysing the total number of public high school graduates per state. This data includes students of all the ethnicities for the school year 2008-2009. The education universe in this study is equivalent to the total population of the state.This data has been collected by National Centre for Education Statistics (NCES), which is the primary federal entity that collects education related data in the U. S. and other countries and analyses it. The poverty status for an individual is measured by comparing his/her income to a preset amount of dollars known as the threshold value. The poverty universe excludes children below the age of 15, people living in military barracks, institutional group quarters and college dormitories. This data is collected by the U. S. Census Bureau, serving as the most reliable source about America’s people and economy.All the data collected is cross-sectional, since it was taken during the same time period (year 2009) across different parameters. Also, the scale of measurement for these variables is the ratio scale, since the ratio between two values is meaningful and the observations are comparable to a zero value. Analysis Mean: It is the representative of a central value for a given data set, i. e. average. The mean value for crime variable suggests that in the year 2009, the percentage of crimes being reported in any state of USA was 3. 26%.The mean value for education variable suggests that the percentage of public high school graduates being reported in any state of USA was 1% for the same time period. Similarly, the mean value for the poverty variable suggests that the percentage of individuals living below the poverty line being reported in any state of USA was 13. 54%. Standard deviation & Variance: The higher the value of the standard deviation, greater is the dispersion of the data set. Out of the three variables, poverty has the highest standard deviation value of 2. 98.Therefore, the percentage of individuals below poverty level is more widely dispersed over the states as compared to the other two variables. Variance is the average of the sum of squared deviation scores. It is used to compute the standard variation since it’s a better means for determining the dispersion of data. It is measured as the square of standard deviation for any data set. Skewness: The symmetry of the variable distribution is measured by the help of this statistic. Crime rate has a skewness of 0. 083, making it a symmetrical distributed variable since the value is closer to zero. The education variable is skewed negatively at -. 67 since the variable has lower values, indicating a left skewed histogram. Whereas, poverty shows a positive skewness value of . 670 since its variables have numerous high values, which justifies the right skewness of the histogram. Simple linear regression model: a. Crime and Education – Y = Dependent variable, Crime X = Independent variable, Education. The regression model is the equation that describes how y is related to x. This regression equation is: From Table 2. 4 in appendix, the regression equation is, Crime = 6. 17 – 2. 9 (Education) This regression equation can be graphed as follows assuming ? 0 as the intercept and ? as the slope: Here the slope ? 1 is negative. Interpretation of the slope: For every 1% increase in the number of students being graduated from high school, there is a decrease of 2. 9% in crime activities in the USA. Interpretation of the intercept: Even if there is no variation in the education level, the estimated crime rate would be 6. 17%. The coefficient of determination or r2: It determines the proportion of variation in the dependent variable by the independent variable. From Table 2. 2, r2 = . 181 This states that 18. 1% of the variation in crime rate is explained by regression of education on crime.Since this value is not close to 1, it doesn’t seem to be a appropriate predictor to determine the crime rate in USA. Hypothesis testing: Ho: ? 1 = 0 (education is not a useful predictor of crime) Ha: ? 1 ? 0 (education is a useful predictor of crime) Significance level: ? = 0. 05 According to the rejection rule, the null hypothesis will be rejected if p-value ? ?. From table 2. 4, p-value = 0. 019 Since 0. 019 ? 0. 05, we reject the null hypothesis. At 95% confidence level, there is enough evidence to conclude that education is a useful predictor for crime in U SA since the slope of the regression line is not zero. b. Crime and Poverty:Y = Dependent variable, Crime X = Independent variable, Poverty. The regression equation is as follows: Plugging in the values to from Table 3. 4, get: Crime = 1. 819 + 0. 107 (Poverty) This regression equation can be graphed as follows assuming ? 0 as the intercept and ? 1 as the slope: Here the slope ? 1 is positive. Interpretation of the slope: For every 1% increase in the individuals below poverty line, there is an increase of . 11% in crime activities in the USA. Interpretation of the intercept: With the poverty level remaining constant, the estimated crime rate would be 1. 82%. The coefficient of determination or r2From Table 3. 2, r2 = . 191 This states that 19. 1% of the variation in crime rate is explained by regression of poverty on crime. Hypothesis testing: Ho: ? 1 = 0 (poverty is not a useful predictor of crime) Ha: ? 1 ? 0 (poverty is a useful predictor of crime) Significance level: ? = 0. 05 A ccording to the rejection rule, the null hypothesis will be rejected if p-value ? ?. From table 3. 4, p-value = 0. 016 Since 0. 016 ? 0. 05, we reject the null hypothesis. At 95% confidence level, there is enough evidence to conclude that poverty is a useful predictor for crime in USA since the slope of the regression line is not zero.Conclusion and recommendations From this study conducted, it is assured that the crime rate in USA is directly proportionate to the people below the poverty line and inversely proportionate to the number of high school students graduating in the year 2009. When simple linear regression was performed to both the independent variables separately, the coefficient of determination (r2) and the p-value aided our study to select the variable that was a better predictor for determining the crime rate in America. Poverty, with the significance level of 19. 1% is known to be a better predictor in this case as compared to the 18. % significance level shown by th e independent variable, education. This fact was further proved when the p-value for poverty stood at a lower amount as compared to its counterpart. Even though it can be concluded that poverty is a better predictor for crime rate in USA, the level of significance still stands at a diminutive 19. 1%. Much stronger predictors could be used for the above study. GDP, income level, provision of federal aid or employment rate could be a few options to choose amongst. Appendix Table 1. 1 Statistics for crimes reported in 30 states of USA.State| Population| Violent Crime| Property Crime| Total Crime| Percentage of Total Crime | Alabama| 47,08,708| 21,179| 1,77,629| 1,98,808| 4. 22| Alaska| 6,98,473| 4,421| 20,577| 24,998| 3. 58| Arizona| 65,95,778| 26,929| 2,34,582| 2,61,511| 3. 96| California| 3,69,61,664| 1,74,459| 10,09,614| 11,84,073| 3. 20| Colorado| 50,24,748| 16,976| 1,33,968| 1,50,944| 3. 00| Connecticut| 35,18,288| 10,508| 82,181| 92,689| 2. 63| Florida| 1,85,37,969| 1,13,541| 7,1 2,010| 8,25,551| 4. 45| Hawaii| 12,95,178| 3,559| 47,419| 50,978| 3. 94| Iowa| 30,07,856| 8,397| 69,441| 77,838| 2. 59|Kansas| 28,18,747| 11,278| 90,420| 1,01,698| 3. 61| Michigan| 99,69,727| 49,547| 2,82,918| 3,32,465| 3. 33| Minnesota| 52,66,214| 12,842| 1,39,083| 1,51,925| 2. 88| Mississippi| 29,51,996| 8,304| 87,181| 95,485| 3. 23| Missouri| 59,87,580| 29,444| 2,02,698| 2,32,142| 3. 88| Montana| 9,74,989| 2,473| 24,024| 26,497| 2. 72| Nebraska| 17,96,619| 5,059| 49,614| 54,673| 3. 04| Nevada| 26,43,085| 18,559| 80,763| 99,322| 3. 76| New Jersey| 87,07,739| 27,121| 1,81,097| 2,08,218| 2. 39| New Mexico| 20,09,671| 12,440| 75,078| 87,518| 4. 35| New York | 1,95,41,453| 75,176| 3,78,315| 4,53,491| 2. 2| North Carolina| 93,80,884| 37,929| 3,44,098| 3,82,027| 4. 07| North Dakota| 6,46,844| 1,298| 12,502| 13,800| 2. 13| Oregon| 38,25,657| 9,744| 1,13,511| 1,23,255| 3. 22| Pennsylvania| 1,26,04,767| 47,965| 2,77,512| 3,25,477| 2. 58| South Dakota| 8,12,383| 1,508| 13,968| 15,476| 1. 91 | Texas | 2,47,82,302| 1,21,668| 9,95,145| 11,16,813| 4. 51| Virginia| 78,82,590| 17,879| 1,91,453| 2,09,332| 2. 66| Washington| 66,64,195| 22,056| 2,44,368| 2,66,424| 4. 00| Wisconsin| 56,54,774| 14,533| 1,47,486| 1,62,019| 2. 87| Wyoming| 5,44,270| 1,242| 14,354| 15,596| 2. 87| Source: http://www. fbi. ov/about-us/cjis/ucr/crime-in-the-u. s/2011/crime-in-the-u. s. -2011/tables/table-5 Table 1. 2 Statistics for public high school graduates in 30 states of USA. State| Population| Total Public High School Graduates| Percentage of High School Graduates| Alabama| 47,08,708| 42,082| 0. 89| Alaska| 6,98,473| 8,008| 1. 15| Arizona| 65,95,778| 62,374| 0. 95| California| 3,69,61,664| 3,72,310| 1. 01| Colorado| 50,24,748| 47,459| 0. 94| Connecticut| 35,18,288| 34,968| 0. 99| Florida| 1,85,37,969| 1,53,461| 0. 83| Hawaii| 12,95,178| 11,508| 0. 89| Iowa| 30,07,856| 33,926| 1. 13| Kansas| 28,18,747| 30,368| 1. 8| Michigan| 99,69,727| 1,12,742| 1. 13| Minnesota| 52,66,214| 59,729| 1. 13| Mississ ippi| 29,51,996| 24,505| 0. 83| Missouri| 59,87,580| 62,969| 1. 05| Montana| 9,74,989| 10,077| 1. 03| Nebraska| 17,96,619| 19,501| 1. 09| Nevada| 26,43,085| 19,904| 0. 75| New Jersey| 87,07,739| 95,085| 1. 09| New Mexico| 20,09,671| 17,931| 0. 89| New York | 1,95,41,453| 1,80,917| 0. 93| North Carolina| 93,80,884| 86,712| 0. 92| North Dakota| 6,46,844| 7,232| 1. 12| Oregon| 38,25,657| 35,138| 0. 92| Pennsylvania| 1,26,04,767| 1,30,658| 1. 04| South Dakota| 8,12,383| 8,123| 1. 00| Texas | 2,47,82,302| 2,64,275| 1. 7| Virginia| 78,82,590| 79,651| 1. 01| Washington| 66,64,195| 62,764| 0. 94| Wisconsin| 56,54,774| 65,410| 1. 16| Wyoming| 5,44,270| 5,493| 1. 01| Source: http://nces. ed. gov/CCD/tables/ESSIN_Task5_f2. asp Table 1. 3 Statistics for individuals below Poverty line in 30 states of USA. State| Population for whom poverty status is determined| Individuals in poverty| Percent below poverty| Alabama| 45,88,899| 8,04,683| 17. 54| Alaska| 6,82,412| 61,653| 9. 03| Arizona| 64,75,485 | 10,69,897| 16. 52| California| 3,62,02,780| 51,28,708| 14. 17| Colorado| 49,17,061| 6,34,387| 12. 90|Connecticut| 34,09,901| 3,20,554| 9. 40| Florida| 1,81,24,789| 27,07,925| 14. 94| Hawaii| 12,64,202| 1,31,007| 10. 36| Iowa| 29,05,436| 3,42,934| 11. 80| Kansas| 27,32,685| 3,65,033| 13. 36| Michigan| 97,35,741| 15,76,704| 16. 20| Minnesota| 51,33,038| 5,63,006| 10. 97| Mississippi| 28,48,335| 6,24,360| 21. 92| Missouri| 58,18,541| 8,49,009| 14. 59| Montana| 9,46,333| 1,43,028| 15. 11| Nebraska| 17,39,311| 2,14,765| 12. 35| Nevada| 26,06,479| 3,21,940| 12. 35| New Jersey| 85,31,160| 7,99,099| 9. 37| New Mexico| 19,68,078| 3,53,594| 17. 97| New York | 1,90,14,215| 26,91,757| 14. 16|North Carolina| 90,95,948| 14,78,214| 16. 25| North Dakota| 6,20,821| 72,342| 11. 65| Oregon| 37,48,545| 5,34,594| 14. 26| Pennsylvania| 1,21,65,877| 15,16,705| 12. 47| South Dakota| 7,82,725| 1,11,305| 14. 22| Texas | 2,41,76,222| 41,50,242| 17. 17| Virginia| 76,23,736| 8,02,578| 10. 53| Washington| 65,3 0,664| 8,04,237| 12. 31| Wisconsin| 54,95,845| 6,83,408| 12. 43| Wyoming| 5,29,982| 52,144| 9. 84| Source: http://www. census. gov/compendia/statab/cats/income_expenditures_poverty_wealth/income_and_poverty–state_and_local_data. html Regression (Independent variable: Education)Table 2. 1 Variables Entered/Removedb| Model| Variables Entered| Variables Removed| Method| 1| Educationa| . | Enter| a. All requested variables entered. | | b. Dependent Variable: Crime| | Table 2. 2 Model Summary| Model| R| R Square| Adjusted R Square| Std. Error of the Estimate| 1| . 425a| . 181| . 152| . 67068| a. Predictors: (Constant), Education| | Table 2. 3 ANOVAb| Model| Sum of Squares| df| Mean Square| F| Sig. | 1| Regression| 2. 784| 1| 2. 784| 6. 189| . 019a| | Residual| 12. 595| 28| . 450| | | | Total| 15. 379| 29| | | | a. Predictors: (Constant), Education| | | | . Dependent Variable: Crime| | | | | Table 2. 4 Coefficientsa| Model| Unstandardized Coefficients| Standardized Coefficients| t| Sig. | | B| Std. Error| Beta| | | 1| (Constant)| 6. 165| 1. 173| | 5. 257| . 000| | Education| -2. 904| 1. 167| -. 425| -2. 488| . 019| | | | | | Regression (Independent variable: Poverty) Table 3. 1 Variables Entered/Removedb| Model| Variables Entered| Variables Removed| Method| 1| Povertya| . | Enter| a. All requested variables entered. | | b. Dependent Variable: Crime| | Table 3. 2 Model Summary| Model| R| R Square| Adjusted R Square| Std.Error of the Estimate| 1| . 437a| . 191| . 162| . 66665| a. Predictors: (Constant), Poverty| | Table 3. 3 ANOVAb| Model| Sum of Squares| df| Mean Square| F| Sig. | 1| Regression| 2. 935| 1| 2. 935| 6. 604| . 016a| | Residual| 12. 444| 28| . 444| | | | Total| 15. 379| 29| | | | a. Predictors: (Constant), Poverty| | | | | b. Dependent Variable: Crime| | | | | Table 3. 4 Coefficientsa| Model| Unstandardized Coefficients| Standardized Coefficients| t| Sig. | | B| Std. Error| Beta| | | 1| (Constant)| 1. 819| . 575| | 3. 162| . 004| | Poverty| . 107| . 042| . 437| 2. 570| . 016|

Critical Thinking: The Yellow Wallpaper Essay

I. Ask questions A. Is John her husband? 1. Is John really a physician? 2. Did John really faint? B. Is Jennie really John’s sister? C. Is Mary really a nanny? D. Does she really have a baby? F. Is mansion really â€Å"vacation† home? 1. Did her room really used to be a nursery? 2. Is she in an insane asylum? G. The wallpaper 1. Does the wallpaper really grow? 2. Is there really a â€Å"creeping† figure behind the pattern? H. Is she crazy? II. Define terms and concepts A. Phosphates – â€Å"A salt of phosphoric acid† The Marriam-Webster Dictionary B. Delirim Tremens – â€Å"Violent delirium with tremors† The Marriam-Webster Dictionary Tollie 2 C. Florid Arabesque 1. Florid – â€Å"Very flowery in style, tinged with red† The Merriam-Webster Dictionary. 2. Arabesque – â€Å"A complex and elaborate decorative design of intertwined lines suggesting flowers, foliage, animals, geometric patterns, ect., used in drawing, painting, low relief, metalwork, etc.† American English Dictionary. D. â€Å"Yellow smell† Charlotte Perkins Gillman, â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper 1. â€Å"It is not bad—at first, and very gentle, but quite the sublest, most enduring odor I ever met† Charlotte Perkins Gillman, â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper. 2. â€Å"hanging over me† The Yellow Wallpaper. 3. â€Å"now I am used to it† The Yellow Wallpaper. III. Accept uncertainties A. Not knowing if what she say is real or not. B. Not knowing if the woman in the wall paper is her.

The Value of the Virgin essays

The Value of the Virgin essays When it comes to powerful religious figures, the Virgin Mary seems to be alone in a Boys Club. Many people look at the Christian faith and assume it favors males because all of its spiritual leaders are male (Jesus, the Apostles, and even God is called He). However, the Virgin Mary does play an important role in the religion. Her influence can be observed, even as early as the Middle Ages. During this time (from about 500 to 1400 or 1500) the Virgin Mary was a symbol whose role gradually grew in importance. The Middle Ages were a time of turmoil and war in Europe. Lands constantly changed their rulers, and plagues ravaged the countryside killing hundreds of poverty stricken people. As these sorrows swam around them in the pool of their dismal lives, the people had no scientific explanations to look to, and therefore turned to faith. Churches and monasteries became some of the most important places on the continent. Also, because of the fall of the Roman Empire and the constant war-fare, trade was nearly impossible and great merchant cities became obsolete, with more and more families leaving their urban homes for more rural ones. It was only the Church, with its monasteries, that provided a source of knowledge, becoming the centers of all things intellectual, including art, and as would be expected, the topic was religion. Because literacy was low, the texts of the time give little insight, while the art presents some clues. In the very early Middle Ages one of the most popular and simple forms of art was the icon. Icons were very small paintings that depicted religious figures such as Mary, Jesus, or various Christian saints. These small pieces ended up causing the split between the Roman Catholic Church and the Orthodox Church in 1054 due to arguments over whether they were idols or not. However, it was in Europe where icons were accepted, and therefore had a great influence on the art. The earliest icon ...

Rubin Huricane Carter essays

Rubin Huricane Carter essays In the court case of Rubin Hurricane Carter, that covered from the years of 1966 the year he was convicted to 1988 the year he was proven innocent, Rubin was charged with murder on November 30, 1966, Carter and Artis are indicted for first-degree murder in the deaths of James Oliver, Hazel Tanis, and Fred Nauyoks. Carter and Artis face the death penalty, if convicted. April to May 1967: After a 31-day trial, an all-white jury convicts Carter and Artis of first-degree murder. The jury Rubin spent the next 30 years of his life in prison as an innocent man due to the lack of equality. Rubin was denied his rights and treated like a murder. He was forced to live the life of a guilty man, he was always seen as guilty till proven innocent, and not innocent until proven guilty. Carter was portrayed as a murder just because of something none of us can control. He was black. Many events from the night of June 16, 1966 do not and havent ever made sense. Even 34 years later, a number of mysteries, unanswered questions, and contradictions of the Carter murder trials are yet un answered. Within hours of the shootings, police suspected a third man, who flunked a lie detector test and later refused to cooperate in the investigation, citing his constitutional rights against self-incrimination. His role has never been fully resolved. While consistently denying any link to the killings, Rubin "Hurricane" Carter and John Artis nevertheless told wildly inconsistent versions of their whereabouts that night, and, say police and others, encouraged friends to concoct false alibis. What's the truth? Carter and Artis have never offered a full explanation. Police bungled a series of key steps early in the investigation, such as not taking fingerprints at the shooting scene, not photographing tire skid marks, and failing to chase a possible getaway car immediately. The ...

Official and Nonofficial Nicknames of U.S. States

Official and Nonofficial Nicknames of U.S. States The United States has 50 named states; thats obvious. What isnt so obvious is the fact that every one of those states has a nickname (official or not)- or maybe even more than one. Some come out of the pages of history (Constitution State, Land of Lincoln), and some come from what grows there (Peach State, Spud State) or an identifying natural feature (Grand Canyon State). Some just make you want to go there (Sunshine State, Colorful Colorado, Land of Opportunity). Historical Nicknames To folks not living there, some of the nicknames might seem odd or mysterious. Or they might not be what you think. The Constitution State isnt where the U.S. Constitution was drafted (remember, that was in Philadelphia), but rather the nickname comes from the document with regulations for running towns put together in 1639 by three cities; it was called the   Fundamental Orders and is considered by some to be the first constitution written in the States. Theres plenty of debate there whether it constitutes a constitution, however. Wars come into play in Alabama, Maryland, and Tennessee. Yes, the yellowhammer is a bird, but pieces of yellow cloth on the Confederate soldiers uniforms resembled them, earning first the troops the nickname and then eventually the state. And the Old Line refers to the steadfast Maryland troops from the era of the American Revolution. Tennessee soldiers who volunteered during the Mexican-American War (not the War of 1812) earned them their states nickname. Also from the colonial era, the Tar Heel nickname comes from the fact that North Carolina pine trees were harvested to make tar, pitch, and turpentine, used in wooden naval shipbuilding. The messy job ended up with workers inevitably finding the sticky substance on their feet, hence the name.   In 1889 in Oklahoma, settlers poured in to stake land claims. Those who came in early, before the specified time, were called Sooners. The territory became a state in 1907. State Nicknames Heres a listing of the often colorful nicknames of the 50 states. When a state has multiple nicknames, the official or most common state nickname is listed first. Alabama: Yellowhammer State, Heart of Dixie, Camellia State Alaska: The Last Frontier Arizona: Grand Canyon State, Copper State Arkansas: The Natural State, Land of Opportunity, The Razorback State California: Golden State Colorado: Centennial State, Colorful Colorado Connecticut: Constitution State, Nutmeg State Delaware: First State, Diamond State, Blue Hen State, Small Wonder Florida: Sunshine State Georgia: Peach State, Empire of the South, Goober State Hawaii:  Aloha State, Pineapple State Idaho: Gem State, Spud State Illinois: Prairie State, Land of Lincoln Indiana: Hoosier State Iowa: Hawkeye State Kansas: Sunflower State, Salt of the Earth Kentucky: Bluegrass State Louisiana: Pelican State, Sugar State Maine: Pine Tree State Maryland: Old Line State, Free State Massachusetts: Bay State, Old Colony State Michigan: Great Lakes State, Wolverine State Minnesota: North Star State, Gopher State, Land of 10,000 Lakes, Bread and Butter State Mississippi: Magnolia State Missouri: Show Me State Montana: Treasure State, Big Sky State Nebraska: Cornhusker State Nevada: Silver State, Battle Born State, Sagebrush State New Hampshire: Granite State New Jersey: Garden State New Mexico: Land of Enchantment New York: Empire State North Carolina: Tar Heel State, Old North State North Dakota: Peace Garden State, Flickertail State, Roughrider State Ohio: Buckeye State, Modern Mother of Presidents Oklahoma: Sooner State, Panhandle State Oregon: Beaver State Pennsylvania: Keystone State, Quaker State Rhode Island: Ocean State, Little Rhody South Carolina: Palmetto State South Dakota: Coyote State, Mount Rushmore State Tennessee: Volunteer State, Big Bend State Texas: Lone Star State Utah: Beehive State Vermont: Green Mountain State Virginia: Old Dominion Washington: Evergreen State, Chinook State West Virginia: Mountain State Wisconsin: Badger State Wyoming: Equality State, Cowboy State

Investment in Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Investment in Education - Essay Example The development of science and technology also plays a vital role in defining the infrastructural growth of a country. Science and Technology growth help to achieve the national goals such as increasing employment opportunities, raising standard of living, reduction in poverty level, improving literacy rate, protecting the environment, strengthening the bargaining powers. Education, research and technology works as instruments for accelerating development and determinant of net income of the country. Thus they should receive special attention in national planning. It is evident that capitalizing on investments in science and technology is a vital for every nation. Country should keep on updating their strategies regarding R&D. The science and educational policies must strive for continual improvement in the institutions, and strategies that contribute to superior research and effective capitalization. Capitalization appears to be quite healthy in the United States, delivering significant benefits to the nation. Funding in scientific research is considered to be long term investment in developed nations like United States. ... What is emerging from this priority is the close association of education and economical growth. Accelerating the rate of growth and rate of productivity can basically be accomplished by stimulating and supporting scientific education in universities. Capitalization on science and technology is a major national strength, although there is much room for improvement. The United States faces long-term challenges in maintaining and enhancing our ability to capitalize. Following are some steps which can be undertaken - Government should pay close attention on long-term science and engineering research. Evaluations of the importance of capitalization should be done to seek and identify the long-term contributions of research to meeting national goals. Governments should ensure that individuals and institutions continue to contribute to capitalize research process. Universities should expand their contribution by continuously updating their policies which effect capitalization. Universities, cooperating with science and engineering societies, government, and industry, should develop required manpower and encourage student to contribute in research process. Industry, universities, and government must recognize the importance of lifelong learning for the nation's science and engineering human resources. Governments, industries, and universities should continue to experiment with partnerships A good education system is an essential component which defines country's progress. The word education contains educare (Latin) "bring up", which is related to educere "bring out", "bring forth what is within", "bring out potential" and ducere, "to lead".

On the road Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

On the road - Research Paper Example Perhaps the most obvious theme running through â€Å"On the Road,† is one of religion. When Sargeant first arrives in town he is turned away by the good Reverend Mr. Dorset. He feels the chill of racism and seeks sanctuary in a white man's church. This same church he breaks into just as police beat him on the head and he begins to hallucinate. Sargeant's hallucinations are telling. He saw Christ only in a glimpse through a soft, round window. Yet Christ becomes a central figure in his delusions. Not a traditional Christ, but a Christ burdened by the pain of religion. This is a metaphor that draws obviously on Hughes's own experiences with religion as an organization. Experiences that all but traumatized him as a child. In his autobiography, The Big Sea, Hughes relates his â€Å"salvation† at the age of twelve. Attending church with his aunt/guardian, he was placed in a situation of overwhelming social pressure to accept Jesus. He did this, though he did not feel any con verting power. Afterwards, he wrote, That night, for the last time in my life but one-for I was a big boy twelve years old-I cried. I cried, in bed alone, and couldn't stop. I buried my head under the quilts, but my aunt heard me. She woke up and told my uncle I was crying because the Holy Ghost had come ino my life, and because I had seen Jesus. But I was really crying because I couldn't bear to tell her that I had lied. That I had deceived everybody in the church, that I hadn't seen Jesus, and that now I didn't believe there was a Jesus any more, since he didn't come to help me (Hughes, 21). This childhood trauma affects Hughes's story profoundly. He not only depicts Sargeant's interactions with religion in a cold, white, and distant way, but he also humanizes Christ's dismay at being held captive by the church. As if Christ may have been a wise prophet but not on interested in deriving a cult of personality from his name. A negative perception that only softened in Sargeant's min d when he was able to find refuge among the grayness of the hobo jungle. For Sargeant, who had been traumatized by the stony whiteness of the town, by white preachers, white churchgoers, and white cops, his escape to the outskirts, to that world where his color was less important than his employment status, offered mental refuge from the racial trauma of his youth. In the hobo, too, Hughes raises another theme, one of movement. According to Kenneth Allsop, a hobo â€Å"was homeless and unmarried. He freeloaded on the freight trains whose tracks he laid and whose tunnels he blasted. He lived in bunk houses or tents or jungle camps or city flophouses. He was a marginal, alienated man, capriciously used and discarded by a callous but dynamic system, yet he was proud of the mode he devised out of an imperative mobility. He was a unique and indigenous American product† (Allsop, Prefatory Note). The hobo was always on the move. â€Å"In one of his aspects he was the Ancient Marine r of this oceanic land, the albatross of failure hung about his neck† (Allsop, Prefatory Note). Hughes grabs hold of this theme, and references Biblical fables, when he walks Sargeant and Christ from the white town to the gray hobo jungle. Movement is not the only theme, either, that Hughes drew from the Great Depression setting of

Argument for and Against Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Argument for and Against Education - Essay Example Such oppositions of education are because of the numerous ineffective educational institutions existing today. These educational institutions have compromised the quality of education and have only opened people’s eyes, but completely closed their minds. This is a worrying situation, as today’s education systems have not achieved their full potential of empowering people’s mind and soul. Our education systems therefore play an important role in hindering the purpose of education today. Nonetheless, education is the main factor that encompassing our lives today. It is instrumental in the stimulation of the human mind, as well as turning inquisitive minds into intellectuals. Institutions of higher learning advance the intellect to a higher level, providing them a deeper understanding of the world around us. The benefits of education are all encompassing, including intellectual, social, and emotional benefits. However, Veblen (1957, p.139) argues that in the busines s world, there is no need for education, basing on confessions of prominent business people, who regarded higher learning as a hindrance, which does not help anyone with successful business aspirations. To him, the money culture, and customer-oriented pervasions of education values have commodified education, measuring its worth by monetary units. This reduces education to nothing, and prevents students and teachers from pursuing knowledge freely, as they only pursue academic credits. Commodification of education in the institutions of higher learning today is an issue that has portrayed education in a negative life. This is what makes most people argue against education today. In today’s age of financial greed, many institutions of higher learning... This essay stresses that our present society has evolved into the culture of materialism and the love for money. This culture has found its way into the learning institutions, thereby causing the commodification of education and the commercialization of researches, thus compromising the quality of education in these institutions. This unfortunate situation in our higher learning institutions is not reason enough to disregard education. This paper makes a conclusion that the role of education and its numerous social and economic benefits in society cannot be denied. Education is a known means to poverty eradication and development. Today’s technological advances and economic development are a result of education. Education remains the only basis for future development. Education programs therefore need to be fully funded, as this is a worthy investment for any country. Redefinition of education to capture its original purpose is necessary today. Governments should be devoted to providing support systems for revamping of their education systems. We need to take our educational systems to their old days, when they upheld values and served their function. This way, the function and quality of education today will be enhanced. However, this should be a collective role for both government and the public. The public should know the requirements of education, and not allow these to be violated by politicians or the media.

Evidence-Based Information about the Benefits of Bedside Handoff Essay

Evidence-Based Information about the Benefits of Bedside Handoff - Essay Example The time spent in the hand-off lasted from 30 minutes to one hour. While some nurses reported lack of real-time information pertaining to the patient during hand-offs, others reported unnecessary lag time between coming to duty and seeing the patients. This lag time was a hindrance to the proper functioning of the nurses because of inability to answer call lights and delayed response to the complaints of the patients. Another major hurdle in the variability of hand-off system was increased number of errors (Trossman, 2009). According to the Joint Commission (2000), one of the leading causes of sentinel events in a hospital setting is the failure in proper communication during shift hand-off (Laws and Amato, 2010). Traditional shift reporting is often repetitive, unstructured and inconsistent as far as information is concerned. According to Johnson and Web (1995; cited in Laws and Amato, 2010), traditional hand-offs "are frequently subjective in their content and accompanied by value judgments and labeling of patients." Mosher and Bontomasi (1996; Laws and Amato, 2010) opined that traditional shift hand-off also lacked in the planning of care. This is evident from the study by Jordan et al (1991; cited in Laws and Amato, 2010) in which "only 12% of change-of-shift reports included care planning and 2% included evaluation of nursing care." Traditional hand-off methods also deliver poor information (OConnell et al, 2008). From this, it is evident that traditional hand-off methods have several disadvantages and research has shown that these disadvantages can be tackled by implementing bedside reporting. Cline (cited in Trossman, 2009) reported that bedside reporting has many benefits like a review of the patient together, review of physician and medication orders, participation from the patients and their families and establishing of patient goals.  Ã‚  

E-commerce sales in the United States Assignment

E-commerce sales in the United States - Assignment Example The U.S. hit an all time high in 2011 with e-commerce sales of $161.5 billion. The trend in digital sales is extremely positive. It seems as if U.S. customers have become more accustomed to using the internet for their shopping needs. Shopping online has many benefits including flexibility, zero commuting costs, and lower prices. One of the factors that the author of the article identified as being critical to the rise of e-commerce sales is the uncertainty of the economy. During harsh times consumers are looking for low prices and convenience. The proliferation of websites that offer goods for sale in many categories provides internet shoppers with the ability to compare prices in order to find the best bargains. Another benefit of online shopping is that it saves people valuable time. During 2011 some of the top online product categories were digital content & subscriptions, jewelry & watches, consumer electronics, toys & hobbies, and computer software (DeMarco). Each of these cate gories grew by over 18% in comparison with the previous year. During the calendar year ten days surpassed the $1 billion sales mark. The table below illustrates the top selling days during 2011. Date Sales Total November 28 – Cyber Monday $1.25 billion December 5 $1.17 billion December 12 – Green Monday $1.13 billion A hot trend among online vendors is to offer free shipping with the purchase of products. In 2011 52% of e-commerce transactions included free shipping. This figure breaks the all time record of 49% set in 2010. Other product categories that have benefited from the internet boom are smartphones and tablets. Not only are these products selling well, but their internet capability is contributing to the growing number of e-commerce transactions. â€Å"We can expect to see more channel-shifting to online in 2012 and perhaps even acceleration in the current growth trend† (DeMarco). E-commerce has become one of the hottest trends in the retail industry. M any online vendors are using similar marketing strategies as traditional commerce. The use of branding is very important for online vendors because this marketing strategy can be used to grow the firm’s sales. Brand loyalty can help increase the customer retention rate of a website. The use of online marketing is critical to the success of a website that sells goods or services. One of the most important rules of online selling is to attract traffic to the website. Higher traffic typically leads to more sales. The supply chain management of online merchants is very important because these websites need to make alliances with freight companies such as UPS, DHL, or the USPS. Due to the new tendency of customers expecting free shipping online vendors have to negotiate terms with the shipping companies that provide the lowest price. Websites that have higher brand equity are able to outperform the competition. Examples of websites that have very strong brand equity are EBay, Amaz on, and Facebook. Facebook has over 840 million users. This company makes money from advertising revenues. Integrating marketing channels is a great way to save money in marketing expenses while at the same time optimizing exposure of a website. The tendency towards more people shopping online is a trend that should continue to proliferate itself in the future. Currently there are over 2 billion internet users worldwide (Plunkett Research). Once these internet penetration numbers continue to rise

Tools, stucture & sing in Design Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Tools, stucture & sing in Design - Assignment Example Surprisingly, there was not permanent structure with caves been the first to be developed (Bramle & IDMME Conference, 2005, p. 156). Need for protection from animals led to development wood and mud structures driven by designer/maker/user. Structures developed based on age of needs with people disturbed by the need to protect themselves from animals and hence constructing mud and wooden based structure such as cliff dwellings of American Southeast. The color forms the basic element evident here as red color has been used to indicate need for life savers. It matches earlier signs that printed such signs in red and black using charcoals while ochre stones were painted by yellow oxides. The signs have used red colors and a plus sign to visually create a perception on the significant of such signs, red color is always attached to blood and danger and hence a person is attracted to pay attention to such

E-commerce sales in the United States Assignment

E-commerce sales in the United States - Assignment Example The U.S. hit an all time high in 2011 with e-commerce sales of $161.5 billion. The trend in digital sales is extremely positive. It seems as if U.S. customers have become more accustomed to using the internet for their shopping needs. Shopping online has many benefits including flexibility, zero commuting costs, and lower prices. One of the factors that the author of the article identified as being critical to the rise of e-commerce sales is the uncertainty of the economy. During harsh times consumers are looking for low prices and convenience. The proliferation of websites that offer goods for sale in many categories provides internet shoppers with the ability to compare prices in order to find the best bargains. Another benefit of online shopping is that it saves people valuable time. During 2011 some of the top online product categories were digital content & subscriptions, jewelry & watches, consumer electronics, toys & hobbies, and computer software (DeMarco). Each of these cate gories grew by over 18% in comparison with the previous year. During the calendar year ten days surpassed the $1 billion sales mark. The table below illustrates the top selling days during 2011. Date Sales Total November 28 – Cyber Monday $1.25 billion December 5 $1.17 billion December 12 – Green Monday $1.13 billion A hot trend among online vendors is to offer free shipping with the purchase of products. In 2011 52% of e-commerce transactions included free shipping. This figure breaks the all time record of 49% set in 2010. Other product categories that have benefited from the internet boom are smartphones and tablets. Not only are these products selling well, but their internet capability is contributing to the growing number of e-commerce transactions. â€Å"We can expect to see more channel-shifting to online in 2012 and perhaps even acceleration in the current growth trend† (DeMarco). E-commerce has become one of the hottest trends in the retail industry. M any online vendors are using similar marketing strategies as traditional commerce. The use of branding is very important for online vendors because this marketing strategy can be used to grow the firm’s sales. Brand loyalty can help increase the customer retention rate of a website. The use of online marketing is critical to the success of a website that sells goods or services. One of the most important rules of online selling is to attract traffic to the website. Higher traffic typically leads to more sales. The supply chain management of online merchants is very important because these websites need to make alliances with freight companies such as UPS, DHL, or the USPS. Due to the new tendency of customers expecting free shipping online vendors have to negotiate terms with the shipping companies that provide the lowest price. Websites that have higher brand equity are able to outperform the competition. Examples of websites that have very strong brand equity are EBay, Amaz on, and Facebook. Facebook has over 840 million users. This company makes money from advertising revenues. Integrating marketing channels is a great way to save money in marketing expenses while at the same time optimizing exposure of a website. The tendency towards more people shopping online is a trend that should continue to proliferate itself in the future. Currently there are over 2 billion internet users worldwide (Plunkett Research). Once these internet penetration numbers continue to rise

The Downfall of a Dictator Essay Example for Free

The Downfall of a Dictator Essay Ferdinand Marcos, the man who would be President: his was a story of success. It was a long, arduous climb to the highest office in land. He worked hard to achieve it. It was not an easy road – there were frustrations, obstacles, and public scandals along the way. But he made it. Despite seemingly irreversible defeats, he fulfilled what he promised his mother: â€Å"For every tear you shed now, there will be victory.† (People Power: The Philippine Revolution of 1986) Ferdinand Marcos: The unforgettable among the Presidents of the Philippines, even over the world, then and now. When we here this name the first thing that always come to our mind is Marshall Law or the dictator. In Marcos time corruption reached its apex. The Marcos government was labeled a kleptocracy, literally meaning that it was a government ruled by thieves. A kleptocracy can be defined as a dishonest form of governmental corruption where the government exists solely to increase the personal wealth and power of its officials and the ruling class without regard for the wider population. On September 21, 1972, Marcos declared Martial Law. This marked the beginning of the Marcos dictatorship. Proclamation 1081 placed the entire country under the military. It was signed on September 21, 1972 and announced to the nation in the evening of September 23, 1972. His main reason for declaring Martial Law as to save the Republic and to reform society. He explained that the growing violence in the nation, caused by the leftists and the rightist’s elements had come to certain magnitude that required martial law. During this time, violation of human rights of the people in the rural areas was rampant. Upon his orders, the military picked up and detained thousands of Filipinos suspected of rebellion. Hundreds of detainees were tortured by their captors. Some disappeared and were never found again. Many were held in military detention camps for years without trial. As a result of the foregoing measured, the crime rate in the country was reduced significantly. People became law-abiding. But these good gains did not last long. After a year of martial law, crime rates started to soar. By the time Marcos was removed from power, the peace and order situation in the country had become worse. The rampant violation of human rights of the people in the rural areas suspected of being NPA sympathizers, the injustices committed by some government officials and powerful and influential persons, and the continuing poverty of the people were used as propaganda of the NPA in attracting idealistic young people. Even priests and nuns who were witnesses to the oppression of the Marcos dictatorship join the NPAs. The assassination of Aquino was reported to have awakened the Filipinos to the evils of Marcos as a dictator. Millions of Filipinos who sympathized with Ninoy’s bereaved family, joined the funeral march to mourn for the death of an intelligent leader and to express their feelings against Marcos. August 13, 1985 was the beginning of the end for Marcos. Fifty-six members of Parliament called for his impeachment for graft, corruption, and other high crimes. Marcos called a new election for 1986. His opponent was Corazon Aquino, the widow of Benigno. Marcos claimed a 1.6 million vote victory, but observers found a 800,000 win by Aquino. A People Power movement quickly developed, driving the Marcoses into exile in Hawaii, and affirming Aquinos election. Ninoy Aquino was a great lost to the Philippines. I think that he could have been a great president. Even though some say that he was a â€Å"fake hero† because he really didn’t accomplish anything and that he was â€Å"fighting for himself only† which is according to some comments that I read in some sites, for me he’s really a hero and these things that they said is absurd in my opinion.

Exploring The Concept Of Cubism Art Essay

Exploring The Concept Of Cubism Art Essay Cubism was one of the most influential art movements of the 20th century. It took place between 1907 and about 1914. The innovators of the Cubist movement were Pablo Picasso (Spanish, 1881 1973) and Georges Braque (French, 1882 1963). Cubism was one of the most significant changes in ideas in the history of art. It allowed for the development of many of the abstract modern art movements in areas such as Futurism and Constructivism. The one of the main characteristics of Cubism would be the presenting of a three dimensional object as an abstract form on a two dimensional surface. In order to achieve this, objects are defragmented, analysed, and reconstructed in an abstract form. The shapes are flattened onto the two dimensional surface of the canvas so that different angles of the object can be seen at the same time. Another distinct feature of Cubist paintings would be the breaking up and interlocking of background and object in geometric arrangement, creating a shallow sense of space. Both Picasso and Braque, who were living in Paris at the time, began the Cubist movement. They met in late 1907 and began developing the idea of Cubism in their works by using complex patterns of defragmented objects, continuous outlines, and a monochromatic colour scheme. The term Cubism can be sourced back to a conversation between French art critic Louis Vauxcelles and Henri Matisse in 1908. Matisse described Braque s paintings, which he had submitted to the Salon d Automne, to have little cubes . However, it was Vauxcelles who coined the term Cubism in a review about the Salon des Independants just a few months later. Cubism can be divided into two phases: Analytical Cubism and Synthetical Cubism. In the early phase, starting in 1907, objects were broken up, analysed, and put back together in an abstracted form. The use of the technique of representing various sides of an object at one time defined the work as Analytical Cubism. In 1912, the second phase came about, when Picasso and Braque began creating papiers colles. The technique involved pasting various types of paper in their work, which characterised Synthetic Cubism. The prominent influences on the development of Cubism were Cezannes later work and African sculptures. In Cezannes later work, Picasso and Braque admired his concept of simplifying objects by seeing them as basic shapes such as cylinders, spheres, and cones. By exploring these concepts further, representing objects various viewpoints at the same time, they revolutionised how objects could be visualised in art. In the beginning of the 20th century, Europe was discovering art from exotic continents such as Africa and Asia. Artists, such as Picasso, were inspired by the primitive and simplistic styles of the foreign cultures. Picasso had first seen African art when he visited the ethnographic museum in Paris in 1907. We can see its influence clearly in Les Demoiselles dAvignon (1907), the precursor to Cubism. In his painting, he deconstructed and rearranged the faces of two of women in his painting to appear like African masks. In doing this he created a direct link between the movement and its inspiration. The Cubist artists developed on the ideas of fauvism, the art movement that had gone before it. The Fauvists wanted to simplify art by going back to basics. They did this by using distorted images, bright sections of colour and flat patterns. Their name Les Fauves means wild beasts in French, referring to their violent approach to their compositions. Cubists took this idea a step further by using straight lines and geometric patterns. Analytical Cubism is one of the two main parts of Cubism. It was developed between 1908 and 1912 by Picasso and Braque. During this time they studied natural forms and deconstructed the forms into basic geometric parts on the two-dimensional plane of the canvas. Their only use of colour was a monochromatic scheme of greys and ochre. Many of their compositions by neutral colours that had no relations to the colour of the object they were depicting. Instead of focusing of colour, they concentrated on representing the natural world with shapes such as cylinders, spheres and cones. They used varying shades to create light and dark sections of their works to give their works a three dimensional quality. Examples of the early analytic phase would be Braques Houses at LEstaque (1908) and Picasso s Girl with a Mandolin. Synthetic Cubism was the second part of Cubism. It was developed by Picasso, Braque, and other cubist artists between 1912 and 1919. There was a noticeable change in the works of the Cubist artists in the second phase of the movement. Synthetic cubism is characterised by the introduction of collage and papier coll , which allowed them to explore the new effects of depth. The technique of pasting coloured or printed paper fragments, usually newspaper clippings or sheet music, in the paintings of the Cubists marked the first use of collage in fine art, and the basis for all subsequent collage techniques in the years that followed. The use of collage refined the idea of using found objects , objects artists came across by chance, and making them part of their compositions. The idea behind it was that art could be found in the chaos of everyday modern life. Examples of the synthetic phase would be Picasso s Still Life with Chair Caning (1912), and his piece entitled Pipe, Glass, Bottle o f Vieux Marc (1914). However, it is important to note that dividing of the Cubist movement into analytic and synthetic phases were not used by the artists at the time. The terms were coined by critics of the period. By categorising the Cubist works, it imposes rigid distinctions in the method of the Cubists. However, their techniques used in each phase can be seen throughout Cubist art. Braque was initially involved in the Fauvist art movement, but he moved away from this style in 1908 when he rediscovered Paul Cezanne and met Picasso. Braque responded to Picassos Les Demoiselles DAvignon by painting his Grand Nude in the cubist style of geometrisation of form and new spatial relationships . In 1909 Braque and Picasso started working together, using their various influences to develop a whole new way of depicting form and space. Although Braque started out painting landscapes with Picasso, they soon found the advantages of painting still-life s instead, such as them being able to see multiple views of an object as opposed to a landscape. They became close friends and worked closely together up until the First World War in 1914. The outbreak of war broke up their artistic collaboration as Braque was enlisted in the French Army and had to leave Paris. In the period between World War I and World War II, Braque adapted a more relaxed and open approach to Cubism. He was bolder in his use of colour and was less calculating in his depiction of objects. However, he was still powerfully dedicated to using the cubist techniques of fragmentation and simultaneous perspective. Before beginning the Cubist period of his art, Picasso became interested in African art, which was currently being brought into Paris museums due to the expanding of the French empire. These exotic artefacts inspired his work during his African-influenced period (1908-1909) and into his Analytic Cubism (1909-1912). During this time, Picasso was also inspired by the works of Cezanne. Towards the end of the nineteenth century, Cezanne developed the idea of painting a painting for what it was a two dimensional flat surface. From the Renaissance up until this point, artists had been trying to create the illusion of three dimensions within a painting, as if it were a window. Another technique of his, that greatly inspired Picasso, was to present multiple angles of an object all at once in a painting. His idea behind it was that the eye viewing the object does not stay fixed on one angle of the object, but instead moves around and receives various perspectives. When Picasso and Braque were introduced in late 1907, they formed a close bond due to their shared interests in Cezanne and the Cubist techniques Picasso was experimenting with in his painting Les Demoiselles dAvignon . In the painting, Picasso depicted the faces of the five women to resemble Iberian masks. The bodies of the women are angular and not in proportion. The changing perspectives, unnatural proportions and flat, mask-like faces in the painting shocked and confused it s viewers at first. However, these motifs were explored and developed by Picasso and Braque throughout the Cubist movement and a new style was born. At times during this period, the work of Picasso and Braque was so similar that they themselves could not tell them apart. Picasso, in his examination of primitive sculpture and masks, arrived at the conclusion that the faces consisted of a quantity of clear shapes placed side by side. He figured that the features of the face that divide up the face should be seen as distinct sections. As Picasso progressed through the Cubism movement, he began to paint just one object at a time, painting it from several different perspectives at the same time. Picasso was successful in keeping a balance between naturalism and abstraction in his work. Before his cubist phase, he painted predominantly natural compositions, but as he explored his Cubist ideas, his work became more abstract. The objects he depicted during the period were of distorted proportions and broken into fragments, but because he used simple objects, they were generally recognisable. Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler was a gallery owner and art critic during the Cubist movement and was largely responsible for the broadcasting of Cubism as a style of art. When Picasso and Braque were producing their Cubist works in Paris, there were but a few opportunities for their works to be shown, usually the spring and autumn salon exhibitions. However, in 1910, Kahnweiler who was also an art dealer sent works by Picasso and Braque to avant-garde exhibitions outside of France. This began a growing acceptance for Cubist art around Europe at the time. To conclude, the main features of the Cubist art movement are displaying objects from multiple viewpoints at the same time and intersecting the surfaces to create a shallow space. The Cubist art movement revolutionalised how space and form could be visualised in art. The movement, created by Picasso and Braque, paved the way for future art movements to be abstract and began the re-examination of how space and form interact that changed the course of Western art.

Endangered Species - Causes of Endangerment :: essays papers

Endangered Species - Causes of Endangerment The term endangered is used by international and national organizations to define plants and animals currently in danger of becoming extinct. Although the term endangered is universally used, the definition of an endangered species is greatly varied. In most cases, the factors causing an organism to become endangered are human- related. When discussing the causes of endangered species, it is important to understand that individual species are not the only factors involved in this dilemma. Endangerment is a broad issue, one that involves the habitats and environments where species live and interact with one another. Although some measures are being taken to help specific cases of endangerment, the universal problem cannot be solved until humans protect the natural environments where endangered species dwell. Back in the fall of 1973 Congress passed the Endangered Species Act, the point of which was to identify the plants and animals in the most trouble and come up with plans for saving them. The effort has probably been as controversial as it has been successful (Institute of Advanced Studies 39). Of the more than 1,400 species designated as endangered, only 18 have recovered to the point where they've been taken off the list. Upon signing the Endangered Species Act on December 28, 1973, President Nixon stated "Nothing is more priceless and more worthy of preservation than the rich array of animal life with which our country has been blessed" (Environmental Protection Agency). And now that scientists have cloned the last surviving member of a rare breed of cow, some fear that the public's sense of urgency regarding vanishing species might fade. Why not just clone more owls, the thinking goes; but that, say wildlife experts, would be only a quick fix. "Cloning would provide us with individual animals but not the home to introduce them to in the wild," says Jeff Flocken, endangered species outreach coordinator at the National Wildlife Federation. "Whate ver's causing a species to decline, whether it's exploitation or destruction of a habitat, would continue to put that species at risk of being exterminated" (National Wildlife Federation ). Today there are currently 1246 species of plants and animals that are either on the endangered or threatened list in the United States and 1804 worldwide. Of the 1804 endangered species worldwide, only 975 of them have approved recovery plans (Endangered Species Coalition).

When Will It End? :: essays research papers

You may heard of me in ancient history. I am Genghis Khan and I,would like to share a story that was not recorded in history.In 1199 near the middle of winter,on the northern borders of china. My two best men and I were left standing,after being at war with the mongolians for several weeks,filled with hunger and dressed with wounds decided to retreat to home to heal and gather more men. I yelled lets go,We lofted on our horses,and right at that moment,a loft of arrows desended,up on all three of us killing my two men,and leaving me wounded in the arm, i broke the shaft of the arrow,and pulled it out,flung it on the ground and dug my spurs into my horses flesh,and like a bolt of lighting we shot through the woods.I knew my horse was weak, not having much to eat,but some bark off the trees,because of the heavy snow, my prayers were to the effect,that i would be home soon. I could hear hoof beats off in the distance,they sounded like they were getting closer, all i had on my mind was d arkness.Once dark my chances of escape are far better,I was still bleeding and felt like my horse was about to give up,as we arrived at the top of the mountain,looking down the other side and down at the bottom was a long winding river,i knew this was my escape,my horse collapsed to its side,gave his last breath.At that moment i heard a branch break,looking over my shoulder,gettig closer was that small army,of mongolians,run,run,run was going through my mind,i was weak and could not move very fast.i could here the words of the savages,bragging about how much my head was worth,then i slipped on the hard snow hit my head

Unit 201- Child and Young Person Development

Unit 201- Child and young person development 3. 1 Identify the transitions experienced by most children and young people 3. 2 Identify transitions that only some children and young people may experience e. g. bereavement 3. 3 Describe with examples how transitions may affect children and young people’s behaviour and development Most children and young people will experience the following transitions: * Starting Nursery or reception * Going from part time to full time education * Going from infant to junior to secondary school * Starting to arrive or leave school alone Starting puberty * Exams * Starting college or higher education Some Children and young people may experience the following transitions: * Divorce * New partners * Step siblings * New siblings * New pets * Family members dying * Pets dying * Contracting, or recovering from, illness * Going into care * Moving house and changing schools * Abuse * Moving countries * Older siblings moving out of home * Injuries * Bec oming disabled * Becoming a carer All of these things will have an effect on a child or young person’s development and behaviour. Ways that a child’s development or behaviour could be affected include: * Being traumatised- A child may block an event from memory and in rare cases, can block out the whole world. This can lead to psychologically becoming blind, deaf and mute. * Becoming attention seeking- If a child has experienced a transition that means they get less attention they may act out in ways they would not normally act, breaking things, shouting, swearing etc because they crave attention and know they will get a reaction from adults * Uncharacteristic behaviour- using actions and language they would not normally use, not always to get attention. Children and young people may be looking for an escape, or a way into a new social circle. * Being anxious or nervous- Change in routine can affect a child because disrupting their normal day to day life brings in uncertainties, things they cannot control and new people who they do not yet trust. * Becoming withdrawn- children can often become withdrawn after any kind of transition, they can be found sitting alone, playing alone, and are less responsive, if they respond at all. It is important to try to get the child to interact with other children as well as adults. * Self harm- Not to be confused with attention seeking, if a child has had a dramatic transition, they may turn to self harm to help them feel better. Most people who self harm are never found out, because they do not want to be found out. This usually only happens in extreme situations, and is very unlikely to happen to anyone younger than 12. It is important to report any concerns about a child that may be self harming.

China Essay

There were multiple changes and similarities from the time of the Warring States period to the time of the Mongols and the Yuang Dynasty. There were changes between politics and government, but also some similarities that helped China grow while also not maintaining the same structures that were successful, but did not prevail forever, because change was needed. From the Qin, Han, Sui, Tang, Song, and Yuang dynasties, many differences occurred in government and education structures while also maintaining things like Confucianism.Many people were frustrated with the differences some dynasties brought which fueled the revolts against the dynasties, and the rise and fall throughout time. The similarities are not too common between the multitude of dynasties. The Han improved their own dynasty from Qin’s Legalist principles, while making their own revisions to improve China. The Han dynasty also continued the Qin’s start of building roads and canals for trade. Lastly, the H an dynasty followed in the Qin’s footsteps by sending officers to implement policies and maintain order in administrative provinces and districts.The Sui had connections to the Qin too, imposing tight political discipline and having a very centralized government like the Qin. The Tang did not have many connections to the roots of Qin, Han, or Sui. Tang Taizong wanted to create his own separate, unique dynasty, except that they continued the successful Han educational system, Confucianism. There are multiple differences between the dynasties. The Qin got China out of the Warring States Period with Legalism, but after not too long, people started revolting against Qin due to the extremely centralized government and tightly structured rules.Liu Bang and the Han dynasty came after the Qin. Liu Bang wanted a â€Å"middle government† that was not too much like Legalism, but not too unorganized, since that would bring China back to the Warring States Period. The Han was a ver y influential dynasty that lasted for a very long time, excepting a short period of time when the government was usurped by Wang Mang. After Liu Bang came a very good leader, Han Wudi. Wudi changed the Han dynasty to a dynasty that believes in success in Confucianism. Liu Bang was never a very big supporter of Confucianism.Wudi put Confucianism in place due to the lack of education in China. While Liu Bang was in power, there were about 3,000 students. By the time Wudi was gone, there were 30,000 students. The Han improved on Qin principles because Confucianism balanced out the Han unlike the Qin, since the Qin dynasty did not believe in Confucianism. Wudi built a bureaucracy out of China, which relied on Legalist principles. The Sui dynasty was a lot like the Qin, imposing tight political discipline, which is Legalism.Yang Jian was to be in charge of Sui dynasty, and was appointed by a Turkish ruler. Emperors of the Sui dynasty placed a heavy burden on China, making it a very centr alized government. While in office, Jian constructed the Grand Canal, which served as a trading route and a communication route between many lands. The Grand Canal made China very rich, due to all the imports and exports coming in and out from trade. Still, The Grand Canal cost a lot of taxes, and forced a lot of labor on the people. Due to that, the Sui got revolted against and did not last as long as other dynasties.Sui also based their education off of the Confucianism system, which worked relentlessly for them, making the people smarter, and a more educated China. The Tang dynasty survived very long, around 300 years. The Tang was very different than all the other dynasties, and only kept the Confucian based-elections in place from the roots of other dynasties. The Tang dynasty had three main focuses, that kept them effective, powerful, and productive. Those three main focuses were maintaining a well-articulated transportations network, distributing land based on the equal-field system, and relying on bureaucracy.The Tang had fast communications and good trade, due to the high focus on the routes and communication network. Though they thought it would work, the equal-field system did end up hurting the Tang dynasty. The equal-field system stated that everyone would have equal amounts of land, based on their needs. The equal-field system did do a good job of avoiding fighting over land, which was its main focus. The third main focus was bureaucracy, which was to make sure Confucianism stayed around so that the officials elected would be intellectually smart and make the right decisions for China.Tang dynasty also had a very powerful army, taking over lands from nearly every direction. Due to the mass of land size and military successes, the Tang is one of the largest dynasties in history. Han dynasty related to the Tang dynasty because the Tang knew they had to keep strong relationships with neighboring countries, and treat each other nicely. The Song was l ike a swing in the direct opposite way. After the fall of the Tang dynasty, Song Taizu came in and made China into a very weak country.Taizu was one of the most powerful landlords which was part of the reason he got elected as emperor. Basing China on civil administration, industry, education, and the arts more than military, the Song dynasty did not have the strongest of armies. The Song did base their bureaucracy off of Confucianism, but took it overboard. Taizu gave the officials very generous pay and benefits, which eventually drained China’s economy since there was a mass incline in officials. Taizu sent many troops out to war, many of which that never came home because of the lack of military experience and knowledge.Song dynasty lost battles to nomadic people at points due to lack of military. In the long future came along the Mongols and the Yuang dynasty. The Mongols did not like the Chinese, and they were not afraid to show it. The Mongols first imposed that a Chine se person and a Mongol cannot get married. After the ban of marriage, the Mongols then imposed that a Chinese individual is not allowed to learn Mongol, as if trying very much to keep the two cultures separated. Then there were rumors that the Mongols only took China for the need of land for their horses.After all the negatives the Mongols brought to China, they put their own officials into Chinese government so they could financially drain China as a last act. China changed drastically between the Warring States Period, when landlords owned China, and there were fights based on who gets what land. From landlords to Legalism, to Confucianism and bureaucracy, there was a wide variety of similarities and differences for China throughout time. Though some dynasties were more successful than others, China made it through and is now among the biggest places in the world.

A History, a past, and a Trail Essay

The discovery of the North American continent created, literally, an entirely new world. With the congestion of Europe and a desire for agricultural land, many from the East loaded upon massive carrier ships in sight of a new life. It was a long voyage across the Atlantic. The sight of the new world from off-shore had been described as â€Å"salvation†. What these settlers did not know was that they were entering into shore-side cities that were even more cramped than their original location. The flocking to â€Å"America† is what attributed to the congestion and size of New York itself. This degraded living conditions and created an entirely new form of social status that had never been seen by Europeans. Something needed to be done to spread out the population of the Eastern shore side. Luckily our â€Å"rookie† government, fresh out of a war, had a creative idea to promote a move to the West. These politicians, in a vote of fifty-two to fifty. decided to intervene by offering any married couple six-hundred and forty acres of land. This was the equivalent to one square mile of land. They labeled the effort: â€Å"Manifest Destiny†. One can imagine how tempting this sounds to factory workers and small time farmers. Previously to this, some early explorers thought it necessary to devise a route from East to West. Lewis and Clark were the first to map the journey. The route they took covered 2,170 miles and practically covered all of the land that was accessible to wagons(Wiki). After a little â€Å"fine-tuning† by John Jacob Astor, to avoid dangerous areas of the Rocky Mountains and hostile Blackfeet Indians, the â€Å"Oregon Trail† was set in stone. This sparked many to make the dangerous move from East to West. Settlers that lived in cramped suburbs and local â€Å"Camp Towns† now had the motivation to spread out their horizons in a search for wealth and happiness. Manifest Destiny developed from a dream to a reality. With all of this came the hearsay and rumors that many viewed as dangerous. Many had heard of the â€Å"Dead Lands† located in the South Western dessert. Fatal stories were told about land that was not suited for farming. Although this caused a delay among some settlers, many had no choice to move westward, and set off on to their destination. Starting in Kansas City, the Oregon Trail began following the Santa Fe Trail. The growth of Kansas City can be attributed to being at the start of the massive trail; Local business sky-rocketed within a few years (END). The need for supplies caused many stores to become profitable overnight. Since there wasn’t much along the route to Oregon, many had to stock up for the long journey. Horses, food, and spare parts were just some of the many items a traveler would need to complete the journey (END). Many referred to the Kansas City area as â€Å"The Docks†, in reference to it being a loading dock for the expansion. After leaving Kansas City, and sticking to the rules of survival, wagons would use the natural terrain to their advantage. Many would stick to lower valleys that followed the river. After a few years, the trail was actually visible to those who traveled it; however, this does not seem to hold true for the remainder of the trip. Nebraska was in sight for most that started the trip. After crossing the Blue River it was just one river after another until arriving at the Rocky Mountains. Along the way, settlements began to form, which made the journey easier. The more who traveled, the easier it became. Many did not actually travel the entire route. If a good location or opportunity arose, families would start their new lives at that very spot along the trail (Wiki). Since many had no idea of where they were going to live when they completed their journey, it made sense that, if a good location was spotted along the way, that became their home. This is what forged cities and trade routes along the way. Even in the Rocky Mountains people began to settle. Mountain towns became good places to start the logging industry. With the rivers along the Oregon Trail flowing from North to South, logs from the Rockies found their way back down the trail to Kansas City. The direction of trade, however, was not a one-way street. The towns that were created along the trail needed supplies too. Many who traveled beyond the Rocky Mountains were sure to bring over-stocked supplies with them. Supplies were almost as valuable as gold on the Oregon Trail. Beyond the Rockies, it was pretty much a straight shot to Oregon. Following rivers one could go as far as Washington State. Many started homes in the forests of Oregon. After avoiding the southern desserts, it was clear that this area was suitable for cultivation and living. The only problem was that Oregon had harsh winters and very short windows of time for farming. New ways, such as the gold rush, were what sealed the fate of the northwestern states as being a contributing district of America. The settlers of western America were not just poor people looking for a way out of trouble. Many rich tycoons took advantage of the rising boom towns. When starting any venture, most people need a lender. Banks started to sprout at several points along the trail. In terms of business, it was common practice for towns to make their start, purely on credit. Many say that this is the reason the west side of the continent received venues for big business. It was until a newer improved method of transportation was devised that the Oregon Trail became the secondary path to the west. Until the invention of the Transcontinental Rail Road, the Oregon Trail was the main route for traversing the middle section of the country (Vance, 1961). People still relied on animal-based transportation and inefficient ways to cultivate their lands . This is where a change needed to take place the most in our country. Since the land was harder to farm and many were having a hard time finding the resources to do so, many believe that ingenuity was the only answer to the west’s problems. The need of the settlers is what sparked the inventions that farmers were looking for. New methods of plowing and irrigation were among the advancements along the trail. It seems, though, that pure luck and not the Oregon Trail is the hammer that etched the fate of the western states into stone. The Gold Rush of 1848-1855 drove the remainder of the population to the west . The search for gold and prosperity could be seen in people throughout the country. Although most were left empty handed, they had at least gained a new home in the left side of our country. This new home would suit them nicely. In the end, the Oregon Trail can be said to have carved a path of prosperity along the horizon of our nation. The details of this can often be seen in cities like Los Angeles and San Francisco. Many started on a destination of uncertainty and ended up with more than they had bargained for. The rest worked hard and put food on the plate. History is the only area that the Oregon Trail is used today. Even though US Highway number 26 practically parallels the trail, the duration of the trail stays in the culture and heritage of families that live in the Western United States. Works Cited http://www.endoftheoregontrail.org/histhome.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oregon_Trail